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Between the 3rd and 6th centuries CE, the Bosporan Kingdom , which was a Hellenistic polity that succeeded the Greek colonies, [56] was also overwhelmed by nomadic invasions led by warlike tribes such as the Huns and Eurasian Avars. Retrieved October 28, Illustrations of the IPA. Ultimately, by the end of the 16th century, Russia expanded east of the Ural Mountains. Retrieved May 6, In , there were Muslims, especially Salafis , have faced persecution in Russia. Main articles: Russian dialects , Moscow dialect , and Pomor dialect. The hard consonants are often velarized , especially before front vowels, as in Irish and Marshallese. Retrieved July 18, However, Russian was the sixth-most used language on the top 1, sites, behind English, Chinese, French, German, and Japanese. With the onset of the Cold War , it competed with the United States for global ideological influence. Archived from the original on September 21, Russia ratified the Paris Agreement in Archived from the original PDF on March 4,

Orel Don dialect. Russian and later Soviet cinema was a hotbed of invention, resulting in world-renowned films such as The Battleship Potemkin , which was named the greatest film of all time at the Brussels World's Fair in The Russian language is also one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station — NASA astronauts who serve alongside Russian cosmonauts usually take Russian language courses. During and after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, wide-ranging reforms including privatisation and market and trade liberalisation were undertaken, including radical changes along the lines of " shock therapy ". Retrieved February 16, Each is nominally autonomous—home to a specific ethnic minority , and has its own constitution, language, and legislature, but is represented by the federal government in international affairs. Main articles: Demographics of Russia , Russians , List of cities and towns in Russia , and List of cities and towns in Russia by population. Tver dialect. Russian peasants, the great majority of the population, continued to speak in their own dialects. Retrieved October 16,

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Smetana a heavy sour cream and mayonnaise are often added to soups and salads. The era of the s and the early s was later designated as the Era of Stagnation. The tsar promulgated a new code of laws Sudebnik of , established the first Russian feudal representative body the Zemsky Sobor , revamped the military, curbed the influence of the clergy, and reorganised local government. However, the East Slavic forms have tended to be used exclusively in the various dialects that are experiencing a rapid decline. FluentU Russian. Archived from the original on June 23, Main article: Science and technology in Russia. Nikolai Vavilov was best known for having identified the centres of origin of cultivated plants. Railway transport in Russia is mostly under the control of the state-run Russian Railways. II : 39— Archived from the original on June 6,

The Russian Government

• Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
• Parliament of Tajikistan.
• Kazakh Russian.
• Slavic languages.
• On the territories Russian modern Belarus and Ukraine emerged Ruthenian and in modern Russia medieval Russian.

It is the largest country in the world by area , extending across eleven time zones. It shares land boundaries with fourteen countries. The country's capital as well as its largest city is Moscow. Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city and cultural capital. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, with the Grand Duchy of Moscow growing to become the Tsardom of Russia. By the early 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and the efforts of Russian explorers , developing into the Russian Empire , which remains the third-largest empire in history. However, with the Russian Revolution in , Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and eventually replaced by the Russian SFSR —the world's first constitutionally socialist state. At the expense of millions of lives , the Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialisation in the s and later played a decisive role for the Allies in World War II by leading large-scale efforts on the Eastern Front. With the onset of the Cold War , it competed with the United States for global ideological influence. The Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements , including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space. A new constitution was adopted, which established a federal semi-presidential system. Since the turn of the century, Russia's political system has been dominated by Vladimir Putin , under whom the country has experienced democratic backsliding and a shift towards authoritarianism. Russia has been militarily involved in a number of conflicts in former Soviet states and other countries , including its war with Georgia in and annexation of Crimea in from neighbouring Ukraine , followed by the further annexation of four other regions in during an ongoing invasion. Internationally, Russia ranks among the lowest in measurements of democracy , human rights and freedom of the press ; the country also has high levels of perceived corruption. Its mineral and energy sources are the world's largest, and its figures for oil production and natural gas production rank highly globally. Russia possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons and has the third-highest military expenditure. According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the English name Russia first appeared in the 14th century, borrowed from Medieval Latin : Russia , used in the 11th century and frequently in 12th-century British sources, in turn derived from Russi , 'the Russians' and the suffix -ia. There are several words in Russian which translate to "Russians" in English. According to the Primary Chronicle , the word Rus' is derived from the Rus' people , who were a Swedish tribe, and where the three original members of the Rurikid dynasty came from.

Russian is a minority language. Russian [e] is an East Slavic languagespoken primarily in Russia. It is the native language of the Russians and belongs to the Indo-European language family. It is one of four living East Slavic languages, Russian, [f] and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages. It was the de facto and Russian jure [23] official language of the former Soviet Union, Russian.

Russian. Russian Dictionary

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Archived from the original on July 11, Russian, The financing of Russian-language content by the state will cease, which the concept says create a "unified information space". Once commonly used by the majority of those living outside Russia, transliteration is being used less frequently by Russian-speaking typists in favor of the extension of Unicode character encoding Russian, which fully incorporates the Russian alphabet.